National Airspace System

MGMT 203 Management for Aeronautical Science Manager’s Perspective Paper †The National Airspace System (NAS) March 16, 2013 Prepared for Dr. Daniel Nation Lecturer Prepared by Ong Wei Jian Lionel Introduction In this report, we will be taking a gander at the National Airspace System (NAS). We will be taking a top to bottom glance at the outline and the foundation of the NAS, talk about the FAA Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), and furthermore look at the future needs of the National Airspace System.Overview of the NAS The National Airspace System is characterized as an unpredictable mix of frameworks, methods, offices, airplane, and staff which cooperate as one framework to guarantee sheltered and effective air travel in the United States. The NAS comprises of a few parts, and these include: †¢ NAS Operational Facilities (unstaffed) †¢ Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC) †¢ Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCT) †¢ Ground Radios and Radar Systems †¢ Airports †¢ Aircrafts (business, private, and military) Airline Personnel (working, keeping up, and modernizing the framework) †¢ Passengers (business and military) Infrastructure of the NAS The NAS assists with keeping up a sheltered and productive trip over the US airspace by permitting all control towers, control focuses, radios, radars, and numerous air terminals to be interconnected to each other to shape a NAS operational interchanges arrange. This NAS correspondences organize encourages pilots to speak with air traffic controllers and carrier activity focuses to guarantee a protected trip as they travel over the airspace.There are a three frameworks that make up the NAS, and these incorporate the Digital Airport Surveillance Radar (DASR) System, the Voice Communication Switching System (VCSS), and the Department of Defense (DoD) Advanced Automation System, or DAAS for short. The DASR System is a traffic air control radar framework that assists with distinguishing airplane position and climate conditions in the region of regular citizen and military landing strips. It comprises of two principle electronic subsystems: the essential observation radar and the auxiliary reconnaissance radar, which utilize electromagnetic waves reflected off airplane to screen their positions.The VCSS is the interchanges framework used to deal with the voice correspondences of any Air Traffic Control (ATC) office. The VCSS must have the option to help all simple and computerized interchanges between the DoD, the ATC offices, and the pilots. The DAAS is a framework that is utilized to recover and process radar information, flight plans, and climate/air terminal natural information to help DoD ATC administrations. The framework transmits part or the entirety of this prepared information to a presentation or workstation (inside land vicinity) for air traffic controllers to access with the end goal for them to control and screen the exercises in t he airspace.FAA NextGen Air Transportation System The NextGen program is an activity created by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to help improve the proficiency, comfort and reliability of the NAS. The NextGen modernization of the U. S. air traffic framework tries to expand the proficiency of the NAS through innovative headways; and just as improved methodologies and strategies. The NextGen program intends to utilize satellite route, which will permit pilots to know the exact areas of different planes around them and upgrade the general wellbeing of air travel.Airports are presently previously profiting by the NextGen program. These new abilities incorporate the national rollout of a system of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) ground handsets. These handsets will get GPS position reports from airplane furnished with ADS-B Out (a redesign required by 2020 for airplane flying in most controlled airspace); and by 2013, these handsets will be introduced to give across the country inclusion. Air traffic information, for example, Traffic Information Service-Broadcast (TIS-B) and Flight Information Service-Broadcast (FIS-B) will be transmitted by the ADS-B transceivers.The FAA additionally tried a recently robotized Collaborative Departure Queue Management (CDQM) framework that expects to assist air terminals with improving takeoff the board. The FAA is additionally setting up devices that will empower air terminal administrators, aircrafts, and different NAS clients better access to shared surface reconnaissance information, which is essential for sheltered and effective air terminal activities. The Future Needs of the NAS The present highlights of the NAS sadly, are not adequate to ensure effective or continuous activity in the future.The more prominent interconnectivity of frameworks achieved by the NextGen program implies that the digital dangers to the NAS are additionally expanded. The future digital security needs of the NAS require a change in both the NAS framework and wellbeing society so as to be compelling against expanded the potential digital dangers that will follow. Improved digital security expects changes to the current NAS wellbeing arrangements. More security surveys for ceaseless checking is required. Activities and duties of every single NAS staff presently must be deliberately examined and taken into consideration.Responsibilities of framework overseers and system administrators must be extended, from keeping up the exhibition of the framework to recognizing meddling activities. Improved digital security additionally expects changes to the present NAS foundation. Information gave by outer accomplices and activities mentioned by outside accomplices must be ensured that they are not malignant in expectation. The current digital security design additionally must be altered and updated as needs be to neutralize the changing digital dangers, all in a short time span; while not settling on the tasks of the NAS during these framework changes and modifications.References †¢ NextGen for Airports. Recovered March 15, 2013 from the Federal Aviation Administration site: http://www. faa. gov/nextgen/qanda/air terminals/†¢ What is NextGen? Recovered March 15, 2013 from the Federal Aviation Administration site: http://www. faa. gov/nextgen/slides/? slide=1 †¢ Houston, Sarina (n. d. ). The National Airspace System Explained. Recovered March 15, 2013 from site: http://flight. about. com/od/Air-Traffic-Control/a/The-National-Airspace-System-Explained. htm Wadas, Burt (n. d. ). National Airspace System (NAS) Overview. Recovered March 16, 2013 from Armed Forces Communication and Electronics Association (AFCEA) site: http://www. afceaboston. com/records/occasions/cnsatm2011/Briefs/01-Monday/07-Wadas-HBAG%20NationalAirspaceSystemOverview. pdf †¢ Williams, James H. (February 2011). National Airspace System Security Cyber Architecture. Recovered March 16, 2013 from The Miter Co rporation site: http://www. miter. organization/work/tech_papers/2011/10_4169/10_4169. pdf

Stride Toward Freedom Free Essays

Indistinguishable Thought in â€Å"Patient† and â€Å"Topic of Cancer† Once I was presented to perusing â€Å"Patient† and â€Å"Topic of Cancer† I put myself in Christopher Hitchers and Rachel Reedier shoes and acknowledged how humor, can be utilized in a repulsive circumstance. Not every person may realize what a malignant growth quiet needs to experience yet as days pass by everybody has experienced a circumstance that can't deal with on their own. By perusing these two articles, I consequently had a psychological mage of what and how the storyteller felt. We will compose a custom exposition test on Step Toward Freedom or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now In the article, â€Å"Patient†, Reedier is attempting to help the state of mind by utilizing humor all through the entire article. The two articles have different likenesses that have individual stories that clarify their biography. The articles are comparable with Hitchers and Reedier with the utilization of tone in the â€Å"Patient† and â€Å"Topic of Cancer† through cleverness, pictures and horrendous circumstances. Amusingness can be entertaining by and large, yet in the â€Å"Patient† and â€Å"Topic of Cancer†, the writers show the peruser that torment can be a healthy circumstance. In the article, â€Å"Patient† a young person was hit by a transport and later on was educated that her leg may should be severed. The creator utilizes phrases saying, â€Å"l feel like I got hit by a bus† to show his appearance on how he really feels about this circumstance (Reedier 166). Hitchers, the writer of the â€Å"Topic of Cancer† communicates humor all through the article in methods of saying, â€Å"The chest hair that was before the toast of two landmasses hasn’t yet shriveled, however such a large amount of it was shaved off for different clinic cuts that it’s a somewhat sketchy affair† (Hitchers 88). Hitchers is communicating how he has lost the entirety of his hair, and he can in any case take a gander at it in a clever manner (The Best American Essays). Reedier and Hitchers clarify how circumstances like these can be occupied with various ways. Anybody can accept these papers as genuine as could be expected under the circumstances yet can likewise accept them as a clever circumstance. As Reedier and Hitchers experienced the expositions, the storyteller clarified how they had battled through their circumstance and still discovered inspirational mentality. Reedier utilizations an uplifting demeanor by saying, â€Å"It is anything but difficult to be quiet reason I can't generally have been run over by a bus† (Reedier 165). As loathsome as the circumstance may sound the storyteller describes it as not as terrible is it is by all accounts. Hitchers clarifies how the circumstance should be in a positive manner, â€Å"l some of the time wish I were enduring in a decent purpose, or hazard my life to benefit others, rather than being a gravely imperiled patient† (Hitchers 88). The storyteller communicates how she would prefer to be languishing over a valid justification as opposed to being in the medical clinic with disease (The Best American Essays). Both of the articles demonstrate that you can battle through any sort of injury or illness regardless of how basic the circumstance can collect. The storyteller shows his confidence by saying, â€Å"She would make the driver move that transport, yet I can’t see her† (Reedier 165). In the â€Å"Topic of Cancer† Hutchins appears, how he feels about his conditions and determinations with the statement, â€Å"To the moronic inquiry â€Å"Why me? † the universe scarcely tries to restore the answer: â€Å"Why not? † (86). He is clearly taking a gander at his sickness as a constructive result when numerous individuals take a gander at it as their life is finished (The Best American Essays). Despite the fact that malignant growth can murder somebody and losing a leg can cause passing, both of the storytellers kept an inspirational demeanor. Both of the storytellers begin by asking themselves â€Å"why me†, as the articles proceed with the â€Å"Patient† continues carrying on with a sound life, however in the article â€Å"Topic of Cancer† he is as yet battling for his life. There are similitudes all through the accounts indicating the manner in which they feel, and demonstrating their feelings through diversion yet at long last there is an alternate result. The most effective method to refer to Stride Toward Freedom, Papers

TOEFL Speaking Question 1 on the New TOEFL (2019)

TOEFL Speaking Question 1 on the New TOEFL (2019) About TOEFL Speaking Question OneTOEFL Speaking question 1 is called the Personal Choice question. Currently, three main styles are used on the test:Agree/DisagreePaired ChoiceGood IdeaWhen you take the test you will get one of these styles. You will be given 15 seconds to prepare your answer, and 45 seconds to speak.Note that the multiple choice and advantages/disadvantages questions are not used nowadays.Sample QuestionsStyle One: Agree/DisagreeThis is the most common style in TOEFL speaking question 1. You are given a statement (usually a single sentence) and asked whether you agree or disagree with it. It looks like these samples:State whether you agree or disagree with the following statement. Then explain your reasons using specific details in your argument.Teachers should assign daily homework to students.“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should help their parents with household chores as soon as they are old enough. Use details and examples in your response.”Style Two: Paired ChoiceIn this style of TOEFL speaking question 1 you must pick between two contrasting choices. It looks like these samples:“There are many different approaches to academic studies, and all of them have specific benefits. Do you prefer to study for tests in a group, or to study alone? Include details and examples to support your explanation.”Some people like to watch television news programs every day, while others like to watch them only now and then. Which do you prefer? Include details and examples to support your explanation.Style Three: Good IdeaIn this new style a choice or situation is described. You should state if you think it is a good idea. It looks like these samples:Some companies have rules that forbid employees from using personal cell phones during working hours. Do you think this is a good idea? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Nowadays, some people use extreme methods, including surgery , to change their appearance. They do this because they want to look more attractive. Do you think this is a good idea? Support your answer with details and examples.Answer TemplatesThe good news is that no matter what style you get, you can use the same template to organize your answer.Main Point (pick one)I agree with the idea thatI think it is better toI think it is a great/terrible idea toTransition (optional)“I feel this way for several reasons.First Reason“First…” + “For example…” (and a personal example)Second Reason“Second…” + “To be more specific…” (and a few more details)Tips and TricksAvoid Repeating Words. Vary your vocabulary as much as possible.Use discourse phrases like “as a result,” “consequently, “moreover,” and “therefore to link ideas.Use a mix of simple and compound sentences.Don’t copy from the prompt, especially at the beginning.Avoid using idioms. They just lead to trouble.Sample AnswerMain PointI agree with the idea th at kids should help with housework right away.TransitionI feel this way for several reasons.First ReasonFirst, doing household tasks teaches children really valuable skills. For example, I was required to prepare breakfast for my little brother every day before school, so when I grew up and moved away to attend college it was really easy to prepare healthy meals for myself. As a result, I have always been in great shape both physically and mentally.Second ReasonSecond, family members can bond when they share responsibilities. To be more specific, young people are sometimes shy, but if they spend a lot of time with their parents doing chores they might open up a bit. Accordingly, they will be more likely to discuss their feelings.Sign up for express essay evaluation today!Submit your practice essays for evaluation by the author of this website. Get feedback on grammar, structure, vocabulary and more. Learn how to score better on the TOEFL. Feedback in 48 hours.Sign Up Today

Net Present Value ( Npv ) - 1530 Words

Net present value (NPV) is a discounted cash flow technique used to determine the overall value of a project or a succession of cash flows (Blocher et al, 2008). See Appendix 1 for a simplified calculation. Belli (2001) argues that NPV is more suitably applied to mutually exclusive projects; these types of projects are those that if accepted, prevent other contending projects to be approved (Mowen et al, 2009). NPV is understood to be an absolute measure, therefore when selecting between mutually exclusive projects, the project with the highest NPV tends to be the most desirable (Damodaran, 2010). NPV is a popular appraisal technique, largely owing to its ability to consider the concept of time value for money. This alone provides a more†¦show more content†¦However, if the projects are mutually exclusive IRR is argued to be problematic and not the most effective technique. Ranking projects according to desirability can be flawed due to the inferred reinvestment rate assum ption of IRR and/or due to projects being of varying size and duration (Fisher, 1930). One of the most cited problems with IRR appears to be the fact that a cash flow stream can have no internal rate of return or numerous, inconsistent internal rates (White et al, 1998). This particular drawback is epitomised in Lorie and Savage s (1955) oil-well problem. They found that investing in advanced oil pump equipment to extract large quantities of oil at a faster pace could cause negative incremental cash flows. Moreover, it increased the total recovery and shifted some of the oil that had been recovered to date, to earlier periods; this caused the cash flow pattern to fluctuate between negative and positive. These problems caused them to state that, the rate-of-return criterion for judging the acceptability of investment proposals is ambiguous or anomalous (Lorie and Savage, 1955, p228). Payback period is defined as the expected number of years required to recover the original investment (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2005, p347). The payback period is calculated by cumulatively adding the net cash flows of a project. Projects with a shorter payback period are generally considered the most desirableShow MoreRelatedCompare and contrast the internal rate of return (IRR) and the net present value (NPV) criteria for evaluating investment proposals.2568 Words   |  11 PagesThe internal rate of return (IRR) and the net present value (NPV) techniques are 2 investment decision tools that satisfy the 2 major criteria for the correct evaluation of capital projects. This criterion is that the techniques should incorporate the use of cash flows and the use of the time value of money. This makes them viable techniques for evaluating investment proposals. The Net Present Value is one of the techniques that are used by firms when evaluating which investment proposals to takeRead MoreNet present value (NPV), payback period (PBP) and internal rate of return (IRR) approaches for a project evaluation2931 Words   |  12 PagesAbstract This essay will discuss the net present value (NPV), payback period (PBP) and internal rate of return (IRR) approaches for a project evaluation. It is often said that NPV is the best approach investment appraisal, which I why I will compare the strengths and weaknesses of NPV as well as the two others to se if the statement is actually true. Introduction To start of, the essay will attempt to explain the theoretical rationale of the net present value approach to investment appraisal asRead MoreDiscuss Net Present Value (NPV) Payback has certain advantages, but disadvantages for long term project appraisal. Discuss.1285 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscounted cash flow (DCF) methods using Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return. NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) Net present value is a way of comparing the value of money now with the value of money in the future. A euro today is worth more than a euro in the future, because inflation erodes the buying power of the future money, while money available today can be invested and so grow. The technique is a three-stage process: to calculate the present value of each element of cash expenditure in aRead MorePlease compare the advantages and disadvantages of the following investment rules: Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period and Discounted Payback Period981 Words   |  4 Pages Net present value is defined as the total present value (PV) of a time series of cash flows. It is a standard method for using the time value of moneyto appraise long-term projects. Used for capital budgeting, and widely throughout economics, it measures the excess or shortfall of cash flows, in present value terms, once financing charges are met. The advantages of the NPV are following; first, it tells whether the investment will increase the firm’s value. Also, it considers all the cash flowsRead MoreChapter 7— Net Present Value and Other Investment1149 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagers Chapter 7— Net Present Value and Other Investment Question 1 : List the methods that a firm can use to evaluate a potential investment. There are discounted and non-discounted cash-flow capital budgeting criteria to evaluate proposed investments. They are 1) Net present value: NPV is a discounted cash flow technique, which is the difference between an investment’s market value and its cost. NPV = Present value of cash inflow- Present value of cash outflow TheRead MoreGroupe Ariel Sa Case Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesGroupe Ariel SA Case Introduction Groupe Ariel SA of France is considering a project in Mexico. They need to analyze the net present value of the project, keeping in mind the exchange rates between Mexican Pesos and Euros in order to maximize their return. They also need to keep in mind the inflation rates over time and the risks involved with this type of investment. Analysis Number 1. Groupe Ariel is recycling old equipment in Mexico. They will need to use pesos to calculate their cashRead MoreLockerheed Tristar Case Study1587 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding these methods, with the most commonly used being Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net Present Value (NPV). Each method encompasses positives and negatives; however if either are used without fully understanding what their prospective results reveal, mistakes can be made and under-estimations of return will happen. In a recent case Lockheed Martin chose to use the Internal Rate of Return to value their Tri Star project. We have determined this to be a mistake and, through this case analysisRead MoreThe Divergence Of Opinion From One Technique850 Words   |  4 Pagestwo projects versioning alpha and beta, Identifying potential projects as part of their strategic planning process, amongst different techniques of gauging project, Phyllis adopted two techniques they are: 1. Weighted Scoring Model 2. Performing Net Value Analysis Weighted scoring model in the current scenario explains us that project beta is the best scoring project, which is recommended to adapt by the company, whereas in depth if we look on to the individual score according to their ProminenceRead MoreIntroducing The Internal Rate Of Return1263 Words   |  6 PagesTHE INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR) The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is that discount rate providing a net value of zero for a future series of cash flows. The IRR and Net Present Value (NPV) are used to decide between investments to select what investment should provide the most returns. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE NPV AND IRR The main difference is that the Net Present Value or Net Present Value (NPV) is used as actual amounts, while the IRR is the interest yield as a percentage expected from an investmentRead MoreEssay on Capital 20Budget 20Analysis 20Group 20P1648 Words   |  7 Pagesis implemented within organizations is defined and reported. Key terms related to capital budgeting are also defined. Risk analysis based on the Net Present Value (NPV) is performed on the salvage values before and after sales tax values along with the different sale ranges. Keywords: NPV, NPV Profile, NPV, IRR, multiple IRRs, ranking conflict of NPV vs. IRR, payback period, profitability index, discount rate, cost of capital concept, cash flow analysis, cash flow timeline, conventional cash flow

A Study On Reims Cathedral - 2054 Words

Reims Cathedral was built within the Marne department of the Champagne-Ardenne region between the years 1212-1300. However, Reims genesis dates back to 496 AD as a previous cathedral once occupied the land on which the new cathedral was built upon. A fire destroyed the original cathedral structure on May 6th, 1210. 2 years after the fire, it was decided to initiate work on the construction of the new, cathedral that exists to this present day. This second cathedral is in the French gothic style and was designed to be much more capacious in contrast to its fire- destroyed predecessor. †The nave and aisles of the western arm are broadened out in the eastern arm.† This logic permitted larger crowds to attend coronation ceremonies. The cathedrals predominant function is a place of worship under the denomination of Roman Catholics. An assembly of architects participated in the design over a period of 7 centuries due to adaptations and refinements materialised to its des ign. Such names consist of Jean d Orbais (1175-1231); responsible for the first initial design work of the cathedral, Henri Deneux (1874-1969); who laboured over the architectural restoration of Reims after bombing raids in WW1, Bernard de Soissons (birth date and death date unknown) noted as a participant with Jean in the initial design work of the cathedral. One fundamental aspect explored by studying Reims Cathedral is the quality of natural light and how it is affected by its both artistic and

Andy Warhol †Paper Free Essays

A fill blade is moved across the screen stencil, forcing ink into the mesh openings for transfer by capillary action during the stroke. Because Andy was not actually drawing on the piece of work, it lost all personal ties with the artist and when he would press the ink filled paper onto what would become the finished piece of work, the lines took an irregular form. Warhol uses repetition in his paintings to guide the on looker away from any feelings f empathy and intimacy. We will write a custom essay sample on Andy Warhol – Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now His style ends the need for interpretation because the surface of the work is a recognizable reality that still moves the viewers (Ere 9. Whorl’s work can best be described using Plat’s allegory of the cave that man is trapped in a shadowed realm and subjected to the delusion that the shadows are hardly distinguishable from the real world. In Whorl’s paintings after-images of humanity are projected on a surface that has been altered through color and cosmetics so they become unlike real life. The reason he painted so withdrawn can be linked to his lack of social development when he was younger, he was unpleasant tit his classmates, showed little to no appreciation or interest in anything, but he had always seemed to have a goal in mind. It is said that Warhol aimed to become like Henry Matisse because he was so well known in his career that all he had to do was tear up pieces of paper and glue them together and they would become a masterpiece. Warhol aimed to have that world- wide recognition (Wren 12. ) He began to portray celebrities in his works of art. Although the works had very similar names, they were done in different fashions. This shows how Whorl’s work began to regress and become increasingly experimental in such a short amount of time. Both paintings Double Liz and Double Elvis were done in 1963 and both were done with only the medium as a connection. For Double Liz, Warhol set two enlarged illustrations of Liz Taylor on a canvas that was primed with silver; there is hardly a contrast in themes and the figure blends into the background. He creates a rectangular form that is placed in front of the silver’s background. Double Liz was printed on a single, continuous roll of canvas. When creating Double Elvis, he no longer wanted to show a surface tone and this painting shows Elvis slightly overlapping himself and his dealer Irving Blue was instructed to stretch and cut them to Whorl’s desired taste. The two stars were united in an exhibition at the Freer Gallery. Warhol printed almost entirely on silver backgrounds during his most extreme phase of the exhibition’s preparations which amortized his stars not on the â€Å"great silver screen† but in his silver silkscreen paintings (Can’t 114-117. ) Warhol said, â€Å"No matter how good you are, if you’re not promoted right, you won’t be remembered. â€Å"(Wren 23. ) His statement is completely true and this is one of the reasons he took a liking to portraying celebrities in his images. If the celebrities talked highly of him and created a buzz then he would be remembered Just as they would. Andy began his film career in the early ass’s. He wanted to depict simple would be of Just one actor, smoking or eating, because people go to the movies usually to see the star. They were very raw versions of film. Andy wasn’t doing experimental film; he was really experimenting with people and the way they behaved as a character. Warhol enjoyed making movies that had no script, especially no plot because if it had a plot and you have seen it once, then you wouldn’t want to attach it again because you already know the ending. But if it is Just a conversation between two people, then you can catch things you missed the first time. A major theme in all of Ands work is that he enjoys seeing the same image or scene over and over again. He has been called boring because he likes the same things but whether it’s in his prints or films, you can catch something new and different that you may have noticed the first time you saw them and it might evoke a different feeling upon seeing it again (Andy. The subjects of his movies were unlike those being made in the present day. They were really quite simple. What he created promoted the consumer’s interests, he created for himself but the public fell in love. How to cite Andy Warhol – Paper, Papers Andy Warhol – Paper Free Essays Consumerism can best be defined as the promotion of the consumers’ interests and the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically desirable. Andy Warhol was amongst many other artists who were attacked for their open embrace of consumerism. He liked the idea that consumerism could unify Americans’ of all different backgrounds but he believed that there was a lack of creativity and originality in advertising. We will write a custom essay sample on Andy Warhol – Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Warhol began to use everyday objects as his subjects’ and built on the movement that was later to be recognized as one ignited by him, known as Pop Art. After Warhol moved to New York, work came quickly for him and within a year of arriving, he received huge assignments as an advertising artist for a variety of high standing clients such as Columbia Records, Tiffany ; Co. , Vogue, and many others (The Andy Warhol Foundation. ) Whatever Andy illustrated from shampoo to perfume, there was a sense of decorative originality and it made his work eye catching. He would place various objects in the advertisement and they always had a slight suggestiveness to them, one that businessmen would recognize and approve (Wren 7. Andy stated that he was paid well for his commercial art and whatever was asked of him to draw or paint he would do it, if they wanted corrections he would do it, and after all those corrections, the commercial art would have attitude and style. He believed that the process of creating commercial art was machine-like but it had feeling to it. Whatever he did was machine-like and it was that way because he wanted it to be, he believed that machines had less problems and he wanted mechanical depictions. Warhol was motivated by money and he wanted to be a businessman/artist. The goal of his art was to make a profit because â€Å"if business art doesn’t support its own space, it goes out of business. † (Wren 12. ) Whorl’s success as a commercial designer was due greatly to his ability to take the uneducated and unskilled collectors and throw them in to the most advanced and sophisticated social setting of professional alienation, this he called advertisement design (Sera 8. ) Then the idea of Pop Art came in to play. Andy Warhol became the symbol of Pop Art and almost single handedly modernized the aesthetic tradition in the art world (Fearer . Pop Art challenged the traditions of fine art by adding in the subjects seen throughout popular culture. Sometimes the subject of the Pop Art is removed from its context and combined with unrelated imagery and material. Pop artists created images that anyone walking down the street would be able to recognize in no time and because of this there was a sense of artistic piracy because these image s were not coming from the artist’s imagination but as something they see and select to make their subject. They were things that ranged from comics and shower curtains to liberties and bras. They were images of all the great things that abstract expressionists tried so hard to not notice at all (Wren 13. ) Andy believed that art should not be for the select few but for the mass of America to enjoy. When asked about one of his most famous paintings, The Campbell Soup Can, he said, â€Å"l wanted to paint nothing. I was looking for something that was the essence of nothing, and the soup can was it. â€Å"(Wren 21 . ) Although as Warhol said he prefers to leave his background as a mystery and whenever asked why he made a particular image he makes up a story. He seems to always forget the story he made up the day before and therefore has to come up with a completely new on the next day to satisfy another person’s question. Andy Warhol bridges the gap between two primary poles in modern art and they are the formal/constructivist branch and the avian-garden branch (Mayer 32-33. )When creating art he would use silk-screens, which is a technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink. A fill blade is moved across the screen stencil, forcing ink into the mesh openings for transfer by capillary action ruing the stroke. Because Andy was not actually drawing on the piece of work, it lost all personal ties with the artist and when he would press the ink filled paper onto what would become the finished piece of work, the lines took an irregular form. Warhol uses repetition in his paintings to guide the on looker away from any feelings of empathy and intimacy. His style ends the need for interpretation because the surface of the work is a recognizable reality that still moves the viewers (Ere 9. Whorl’s work can best be described using Plat’s allegory of the cave that man is rapped in a shadowed realm and subjected to the delusion that the shadows are hardly distinguishable from the real world. In Whorl’s paintings after-images of humanity are projected on a surface that has been altered through color and cosmetics so they become unlike real life. Th e reason he painted so withdrawn can be linked to his lack of social development when he was younger, he was unpleasant with his classmates, showed little to no appreciation or interest in anything, but he had always seemed to have a goal in mind. It is said that Warhol aimed to become eke Henry Matisse because he was so well known in his career that all he had to do was tear up pieces of paper and glue them together and they would become a masterpiece. Warhol aimed to have that world- wide recognition (Wren 12. ) He began to portray celebrities in his works of art. Although the works had very similar names, they were done in different fashions. This shows how Whorl’s work began to progress and become increasingly experimental in such a short amount of time. Both paintings Double Liz and Double Elvis were done in 1963 and both were done with only the medium as a connection. For Double Liz, Warhol set two enlarged illustrations of Liz Taylor on a canvas that was primed with silver; there is hardly a contrast in themes and the figure blends into the background. He creates a rectangular form that is placed in front of the silver’s background. Double Liz was printed on a single, continuous roll of canvas. When creating Double Elvis, he no longer wanted to show a surface tone and this painting shows Elvis slightly overlapping himself and his dealer Irving Blue was instructed to stretch and cut them to Whorl’s desired taste. The two stars were united in an exhibition at the Freer Gallery. Warhol printed almost entirely on silver backgrounds during his most extreme phase of the exhibition’s preparations which amortized his stars not on the â€Å"great silver screen† but in his silver silkscreen paintings (Can’t 114-117. ) Warhol said, â€Å"No matter how good you are, if you’re not promoted right, you won’t be remembered. â€Å"(Wren 23. ) His statement is completely true and this is one of the reasons he took a liking to portraying celebrities in his images. If the celebrities talked highly of him and created a buzz then he would be remembered Just as they would. Andy began his film career in the early ass’s. He wanted to depict simple scenes of how people could meet each other and what they cool d discuss. Some films would be of Just one actor, smoking or eating, because people go to the movies usually to see the star. They were very raw versions of film. Andy wasn’t doing experimental film; he was really experimenting with people and the way they behaved as a character. Warhol enjoyed making movies that had no script, especially no plot because if it had a plot and you have seen it once, then you wouldn’t want to watch it again because you already know the ending. But if it is Just a conversation between two people, then you can catch things you missed the first time. A major theme in all of Andy work is that he enjoys seeing the same image or scene over and over again. He has been called boring because he likes the same things but whether it’s in his prints or films, you can catch something new and different that you may have noticed the first time you saw them and it might evoke a different feeling upon seeing it again (Andy. The subjects of his movies were unlike those being made in the present day. They were really quite simple. What he created promoted the nonuser’s interests, he created for himself but the public fell in love. Warhol was a visionary who used such a vague aspect of pop culture and turned it into a phenomenon. No matter which medium of art he chose to engage in, Whorl’s themes centered on consumerism. His work was driven by the idea of being around celebrities and having money, Just a few years later he would become the celebrity and have the most expensive paintings sold in the United States. Works Cited Books: Can’t, Hate. Andy Warhol The Early Sixties: Paintings and Drawings 1961-1964. How to cite Andy Warhol – Paper, Papers

Mentally Ill In Jail Essays - Mental Health,

Mentally ill in jail The articles inform that more mentally ill people are in jail than in hospitals. According to statistics 159,000 of mentally ill are presently incarcerated in jails and prisons, mostly of crimes committed because they were not being treated. Some of them become violent and may terrorize their families and neighborhoods. Tragically, most of those instances of incarceration are unnecessary. We know what to do, but for economic, legal and ideological reasons, we fail to do it. The deinstitutionalisation of the severely mentally ill in the 60ties qualifies a as one of the largest social experiments in American history. In 1995, there were 558,239 severely mentally ill patients in the nations public psychiatric hospitals. In 1995, the number has been reduced to 71,619. The deinstitutionalization created an mental illness crisis by discharging people from hospitals without ensuring that they receive medication and rehabilitation services in the community. Consequently, 2.2million severely mentally ill do not receive any psychiatric treatment. Mental patients were released from psychiatric hospital in the belief that permitting them to live in a freer environment was more humane and would improve their well-being. Instead, they turned up in prisons where they are virtually devoid of dignity and lack adequate treatment and understanding. Besides, even if they take medications and might get better in jail, there is no guarantee that they will continue with the treatment after they are released into the communities. And so the vicious circle goes on. The solution to the problem is to provide sufficient funding to the community-based mental health system so people could be helped before they become part of the prison system. Services like medication therapy and monitoring, residential services, rehabilitation services and support services are successful in bringing the severely mentally ill back to communities. As a rule, community services are also less expensive. Instead, we see mental health agencies being closed and stripped of their budgets. As a result the mentally ill have no place to go for treatment and support. According to the article When jails must treat and punish in the September 4, Plain Dealer The Director of Ohio Department of Mental Health, Mike Hogan does not think that the county has a problem with the mentally ill. He believes most of them have been successfully integrated in society, and disagrees that many have been jailed. How very convenient for Mr. Hogan. Needless to say, such wishful thinking does not help the thousands who in addition to suffering from mental illness suffer from the unjust social system as well. Senator Mike DeWine (R) and Democrat Ted Strickland are working on promoting federal legislation that would fund a pilot court program to direct mentally ill prisoners to treatment facilities instead of jail. They need all our support.