Cultural and Racial Inequality in Hemingways Indian Camp Essay

Cultural and Racial Inequality in Hemingway's Indian Camp Hemingway's "Indian Camp" concerns Nick Adams' journey into the unknown to ultimately experience and witness the full cycle of birth and death. Although Nick's experience is a major theme in the story, cultural inequality also is an issue that adds to the the story's narrative range. Throughout this short story, there are many examples of racial domination between Nick's family and the Indians. Dr. Adams' and Uncle George's racist behavior toward the Native Americans are based on the history of competition between Caucasians and America's indigenous peoples. "Indian Camp" begins at the shore where Nick, his father, and Uncle George are picked up by Indians in rowboats. When Nick and the men get into the rowboat, the Indians row them to the Indian Camp, with no help from the doctor or Uncle George. This evidence is the first example of cultural domination in the story. Once across the lake, Uncle George gives the Indians cigars. Uncle George's action could be a gift or a congratulatory gesture for the baby about to be b...

Blacks in the Revolutionary War

Running Head: Blacks in the Revolutionary War1 Blacks in the Revolutionary War African American Studies Latasha Gating September 20, 2012 LaChanda K. Clemons Blacks in the Revolutionary War2 Looking back at the history of the United States, it is evident that the Revolutionary War impacted the country a great deal. It was the first war fought with slaves thanks to Lord Dunmore’s controversial proclamation. Historian Benjamin Quarles stated â€Å"The Negros role in the Revolutionary War can be best understood by realizing his major loyalty was not to a place nor to a people but to a principle. There were black loyalists, black sailors, black patriots and black regiments who fought and died in the name of Independence. It has been estimated that over 5,000 African Americans served as soldiers for the Continental army and more than 20,000 fought for the British cause. Slavery in Colonial America is noted to have begun in 1619 with the arrival of 20 African slaves on the Dutch sh ip named Man-of-war. The slaves made up over half the population in the colonies although they were seen more so as property instead of people. In 1776, there were about 500,000 African American men, women and children slaves.Everyone had a reason for taking part in the war. There were factors that motivated the blacks to take part in such a battle as well. The text mentions that when it came to fighting between the Patriots on one side and their Loyalist American allies on the other, African Americans joined the side that offered freedom. Having that choice of gaining freedom in exchange for serving in the military was indeed motivation. Other motives for blacks were the Blacks in the Revolutionary War3 desire for adventure, belief in the justice and the goals of the revolution and the possibility of receiving a bounty.The Continental navy and The Royal Navy signed blacks into the navy because of the manpower shortages at sea. Some blacks had been captured from the royal navy and u sed by the Patriots on their vessels. They also served as seamen on British vessel. Slaves and free slaves served as seaman. Because so many Patriot leaders resisted employing black troops, by mid-1775, the British had taken the initiative in recruiting African Americans. Revolutionary leaders feared using blacks in the arm forces. They were afraid that the slaves who were armed would uprise against them.In May 1775 the Massachusetts Committee of Safety put a stop to enlisting slaves in the armies of the colony. However, this did not apply to the blacks who were already serving in the army. 1775-1783 the navy recruits freed black slaves and runaway slaves. Lord Dunmore, born John Murray, was the last Royal Governor of Virginia. Because he was short of men, Dunmore issued a proclamation stating that all able bodied men to assist him in the defense of the colony, including the slaves of rebels. He promised freedom to the blacks who served. After doing so in a month he had 800 soldiers .The purpose of his Proclamation was to declare martial law and to encourage slaves of rebels in Virginia to leave their masters and support the loyalist cause â€Å"All indentured servants, Negroes, or others†¦free that are able Blacks in the Revolutionary War4 and willing to bear arms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Such an act outrage Virginians. Those that took Dunmore up on his word range between 800 and 2,000. The Virginia Congress replied to his Proclamation with the Dunmore’s wasn’t as successful as his plan out, the number of his soldiers decreased due to smallpox outbreaks.Dunmore’s Proclamation was the first mass emancipation of slaves in American history. After the war ended, over 5,000 blacks left for Jamaica or St. Augustine because they were the property of loyalist that they would never gain their freedom from slavery. By 1786, many were back in bondage. There were those who were Patriots’ slaves but sided with the British were promised their freedom and was granted such. Many black patriots found that the post war military held no rewards for them. So many men served in the armed forces which meant that their wives were left behind and had to take on their husband roles.Their lives changed a great deal during the Revolutionary War. The women, who could, serve the Colonial military forces and interacted with the male soldiers in camp. They were usually the wives and daughters of the male soldiers. The cooked, did laundry and cared for those that were sick. There also some who fought in the military battles: Margaret Cochran Corbin and Captain Molly. Molloy’s husband had taught her how to load and fire cannons. Black women, many of whom were slaves, served both Americans and the British in the capacity of nurses, laundresses and cooks.Blacks in the Revolutionary War5 Many African American soldiers fought and died for the sake of the Revolutionary War. The war ended in 1783, slavery was dying in the North and declining in C hesapeake. What was truly the purpose of Blacks fighting if they did not attain freedom at the end of the war? Were the lives lost beneficially to the slaves or was it just a gimmick to get blacks to stand in stops where white soldiers have already died in. Blacks in the Revolutionary War6 Bibliography Georgii, Colette. May 30, 2007.Slavery in Colonial America. www. helium. com/items/365359-Colonial-Early- Gabriel, Brian. Women’s roles and lives in the revolutionary war. http://www. ehow. com/) (http://blackloyalist. com/canadiandigitalcollection/story/revolution/dunmore. htm) Halpern, Rick (2002). Slavery and Emancipation. Blackwell Publishing. Pp. 90-91 Harold, Stanley, Hine, W. C. , Hine, D. C. The African American Odyssey: Volume 1, 5th Edition. Prentice Hall. 2011. Pearson Education, Inc. . (Scribner, Robert L. (1983). Revolutionary Virginia, the Road to Independence.University of Virginia Press. Pp. xxiv. ) ——————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [ 2 ]. Scribner, Robert L. (1983). Revolutionary Virginia, the Road to Independence. University of Virginia Press. Pp. xxiv [ 3 ]. Halpern, Rick (2002). Slavery and Emancipation. Blackwell Publishing. Pp. 90-91 [ 4 ]. Harold, Stanley, Hine, W. C. , Hine, D. C. The African American Odyssey: Volume 1, 5th Edition. Prentice Hall. 2011. Pearson Education, Inc. [ 6 ]. Gabriel, Brian. Women’s roles and lives in the revolutionary war. http://www. ehow. com/)

Restorative Justice Policy Proposal for Juvenile Justice...

A growing number of probation officers, judges, prosecutors as well as other juvenile professionals are advocating for a juvenile justice system which is greatly based on restorative justice. These groups of people have been frustrated by the policy uncertainty between retribution and treatment as well as unrealistic and unclear public expectations. As a primary mission, the balanced approach or policy allows juvenile justice systems together with its agencies to improve in their capacity of protecting the community and ensuring accountability of the system and the offenders . It enables the youths to become productive and competent citizens. This guiding philosophical framework for this policy is restorative justice as it promotes the†¦show more content†¦They are calling for an evaluation of policies which continue to increase incarceration and improvement of criminal justice as this population reaches historical high level in America. There are over 2 million individuals housed in national jails or prisons and nearly 5 million individuals on parole or probation. United States of America leads the world in punishment and incarceration, and the cost of the correctional system now surpasses $60billion annually. The rise in the costs and size of correctional facilities occurs after nearly two decades of tough reforms on crime. These tough on crime reforms got the support of both Republican and Democratic administrators in response to the increasing crimes rates experienced since 1970s. Ironically, the unabated correctional costs and financial crises have put strains on health, education and human services budgets. It is, therefore, apparent that in as much as prison systems are costing the government more money, they are becoming less effective in addressing crime rates. The criminal justice system recognizes the importance of restorative justice practice and programs to offenders in reducing the overall national crime rates. It also recognizes that a range of improvements is necessary to achieve successful integration of offenders to the community. Some of the programs that will ensure reduction in the number of individuals incarcerated must beShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Justice Capstone Proposal Essays608 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice Capstone Project Proposal The juvenile justice system can be dated back to the late 18th and early 19th century. Youths were confined to jails with mentally ill and hardened criminals because there were no other alternatives for them. Many of these youths were in these institutions for non-violent offenses. During this same time, many American cities had to find a solution to the overwhelming rate of child neglect. Today, there is still much debate about the well-being of youthsRead MoreFuture of the Juvenile Justice System Proposal2603 Words   |  11 PagesFuture of the Juvenile Justice System Proposal Gina Tompkins, Marcus Hall, Terri Washington, Victor Jones CJA 374 November 24, 2013 Bruce Clingan Future of the Juvenile Justice System Proposal The juvenile justice system is designed to correct and change the behavior of juvenile offenders. Change in behavior is an indication the system is working. If there is no change, the system is deemed ineffective and a team of juvenile justice consultants are called in to make corrections. In realityRead MoreFactors Affecting The Criminal Justice System3117 Words   |  13 Pagestraditional punishment route. This could alternatively be achieved if the threat or perceived threat of punishment is the key motivator but allows far more flexibility and discretionary choice of rehabilitation methods at all levels of the criminal justice system rather than a prescribed laid out route of arrest, charge, sentencing and imprisonment. The information gathered during the interviews and assessed in the findings and analysis chapter will be compared to the key points of desistence theory toRead MoreEffects Of School On Prison Pipeline And How It Can Be Stopped3748 Words   |  15 Pages THE EFFECTS OF SCHOOL-TO-PRISON PIPELINE AND HOW IT CAN BE STOPPED: A CASE OF TEXAS STATE Name: Reg.no. A research proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Science in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦in the School of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦., †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. University Date: DECLARATION This research proposal is my original work and it has not been presented elsewhere for any academic award. No part of this work may be reproduced without prior written permission ofRead MoreComparative Criminal Justice Systems5160 Words   |  21 Pagessay that it is virtually impossible to inset all the solutions to a nations criminal justice problems in a one page (per county) summary. With the diverse nature of all 4 countries, to be able to â€Å"fly† into a foreign land at the request of the leader, and be given â€Å"Carte Blanc† to handle their criminal justice problem is about as impossible as implementing all that is needed to fix their criminal justice system issues within the perimeters of this paper. I would actually like to be alive in 2025Read MoreJuvenile Crime Issues in Today’s Criminal Justice System18893 Words   |  76 Pagesrights that may be threatened by technological advances and other developments:  ©  ©  ©  © chapter 15 Juvenile Justice chapter 16 Drugs and Crime chapter 17 Terrorism and Multinational Criminal Justice chapter 18 The Future of Criminal Justice These individual rights must be effectively balanced against these present and emerging community concerns: Widespread drug abuse among youth The threat of juvenile crime Urban gang violence High-technology, computer, and Internet crime (cybercrime) TerrorismRead MoreAnti-Bullying Prevention Proposal6403 Words   |  26 PagesYouth at Risk Prevention Proposal – XYZ High School Anti-Bullying Program 20130228 Juvenile Justice Prevention Program Proposal Section 1. DESCRIBE THE TARGET GROUP The direct target group is the current freshman class at suburban middle class XYZ High School (XYZHS). Naturally, as the sophomore, junior, and senior classes matriculate through the school, they will be indirectly affected by the program and expected to hold true to the lessons and values taught in the anti-bullying